1、nba发展史英语简介NBA发展史英文National Basketball Association“NBA” redirects here. For other uses, see NBA (disambiguation).National Basketball AssociationHistoryedit 1940s and 1950s: The early yearsFurther information: List of NBA seasonsThe Basketball Association of America was founded in 1946 by the owners o 2、f the major ice hockey arenas in the Northeast and Midwest United States. On November 1, 1946, in Toronto, Canada, the Toronto Huskies hosted the New York Knickerbockers which the NBA now regards as the first game played in the leagues history. 3 Although there had been earlier attempts at professio 3、nal basketball leagues, including the American Basketball League and the National Basketball League, the BAA was the first league to attempt to play primarily in large arenas in major cities. During its early years, the quality of play in the BAA was not significantly better than in peting leagues o 4、r among leading independent clubs such as the Harlem Globetrotters. For instance the 1948 ABL finalist Baltimore Bullets moved to the BAA and won its 1948 title, followed by the 1948 NBL chion Minneapolis Lakers who won the 1949 BAA title.On August 3, 1949, the BAA agreed to merge with the NBL, expa 5、nding the National Basketball Association to seventeen franchises located in a mix of large and small cities, as well as large arenas and smaller gymnasiums and armories. In 1950, the NBA consolidated to eleven franchises, a process that continued until 1954, when the league reached its smallest siz 6、e of eight franchises, all of which are still in the league (the Knicks, Celtics, Warriors, Lakers, Royals/Kings, Pistons, Hawks, and Nationals/76ers).While contracting, the league also saw its smaller city franchises move to larger cities. The Hawks shifted from “Tri-Cities” (the area now known as 7、the Quad Cities) to Milwaukee (in 1951) and then to St. Louis (in 1955); the Royals from Rochester to Cincinnati (in 1957); and the Pistons from Fort Wayne to Detroit (in 1957). In 1960, the Lakers relocated to Los Angeles, California, and the Warriors moved to San Francisco, California, in 1963. Th 8、e following year, the Nationals left upstate New York to bring basketball back to Philadelphia, changing their nickname from “Nationals” to “76ers.” This means out of the original eight franchises, only the Knicks and Celtics have not relocated at any point.Although Japanese-American Wataru Misaka t 9、echnically broke the NBA color barrier in the 1947-48 season when he played for the New York Knicks, 1950 is recognized as the year the NBA integrated with the addition of African American players by several teams including Chuck Cooper with the Boston Celtics, Nat “Sweetwater” Clifton with the New 10、York Knicks, and Earl Lloyd with the Washington Capitols. Today, more than fifty years later, the NBA is made up of players of many different races, with diverse backgrounds and cultures. Over 80% of NBA players today are African American.During this period, the Minneapolis Lakers, led by center Geo 11、rge Mikan, won five NBA Chionships and established themselves as the leagues first dynasty. To encourage shooting and discourage stalling, the league introduced the 24-second shot clock in 1954. If a team does not attempt to score a field goal (or the ball doesnt make contact with the rim) within 24 12、 seconds of obtaining the ball, play is stopped and the ball given to its opponent.In 1957, rookie center Bill Russell joined the Boston Celtics, who already featured guard Bob Cousy and coach Red Auerbach, and went on to lead the club to eleven NBA titles in thirteen seasons. Center Wilt Chamberlai 13、n entered the league in 1959 and became the dominant individual star of the 1960s, setting new records in scoring (100) and rebounding (55). Russells rivalry with Chamberlain became one of the great individual rivalries in the history of American team sports.edit 1960s: Celtics dynastyThrough this p 14、eriod, the NBA continued to strengthen with the shift of the Minneapolis Lakers to Los Angeles, the Philadelphia Warriors to San Francisco, and the Syracuse Nationals to Philadelphia, as well as the addition of its first expansion franchises. The Chicago Packers (now Washington Wizards) became the 9 15、th NBA team in 1961. From 1966 to 1968, the league expanded from nine teams to fourteen, introducing the Chicago Bulls, Seattle Supersonics, San Diego Rockets (who relocated to Houston four years later), Milwaukee Bucks, and Phoenix Suns. Then in the 1970s, it was extended to seventeen teams as the 16、Portland Trail Blazers, Cleveland Cavaliers, and Buffalo Braves (now the Los Angeles Clippers) all made their debuts.In 1967, the league faced a new external threat with the formation of the American Basketball Association. The leagues engaged in a bidding war. The NBA landed the most important coll 17、ege star of the era, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (then known as Lew Alcindor), who together with Oscar Robertson led the Milwaukee Bucks to a title in his second season, and who later played on five Laker chionship teams.However, the NBAs leading scorer, Rick Barry jumped to the ABA, as did four veteran ref 18、erees-Norm Drucker, Earl Strom, John Vanak, and Joe Gushue.edit 1970s: The NBA vs. the ABAThe American Basketball Association also succeeded in signing a number of major stars, including Julius Erving, in part because it allowed teams to sign college undergraduates. The NBA expanded rapidly during t 19、his period, one purpose being to tie up the most viable cities. From 1966 to 1974, the NBA grew from nine franchises to 18; the New Orleans Jazz (now in Utah) came aboard in 1974. Then, following the 1976 season, the leagues reached a settlement that provided for the addition of four ABA franchises 20、to the NBA, raising the number of franchises in the league at that time to 22. The franchises were the San Antonio Spurs, Denver Nuggets, Indiana Pacers and New York s. Some of the biggest stars of this era were Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Rick Barry, Dave Cowens, Julius Erving, Walt Frazier, Artis Gilmore 21、, George Gervin, Dan Issel and Pete Maravich.edit 1980s: Magic vs. BirdThe league added the ABAs innovative three-point field goal beginning in 1979 to open up the game. That same year, rookies Larry Bird and Magic Johnson joined the Boston Celtics and Los Angeles Lakers respectively, initiating a p 22、eriod of significant growth in fan interest in the NBA throughout the country and the world. Bird went on to lead the Celtics to three titles, and Johnson went on to lead the Lakers to five. Also in the early 80s, the NBA added one more expansion franchise, the Dallas Mavericks, bringing the total t 23、o 23 teams.edit 1990s: The Jordan Era and globalizationMichael Jordan entered the league in 1984 with the Chicago Bulls, providing an even more popular star to support growing interest in the league. This resulted in more cities demanding teams of their own. In 1988 and 1989, four cities got their w 24、ishes as the Charlotte Hors, Miami Heat, Orlando Magic, and Minnesota Timberwolves made their NBA debuts. Globalization also occurred in the 1980s. A growing number of NBA star players also began ing from other countries. Initially, many of these players, such as 1994 NBA MVP Hakeem Olajuwon of Nige 25、ria, first played NCAA basketball to enhance their skills.In 1991, Susan OMalley became the first female president of an NBA franchise, when she became the president of the Washington Wizards.Jordan along with Scottie Pippin would lead the Bulls to six chionships in eight years during the 1990s. Ola 26、juwon won back-to-back titles with the Houston Rockets in 94 and 95.The 1992 Olympic basketball Dream Team, the first to use current NBA stars, featured Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, and Magic Johnson. In 1995, the NBA expanded to Canada and to 29 teams with the Toronto Raptors and the Vancouver Grizz 27、lies. In 20xx, the Vancouver Grizzlies were relocated to Memphis, which left the Toronto Raptors as the only Canadian team in the NBA.In 1996, the NBA created a womens league, the Womens National Basketball Association (WNBA). In 1998, the NBA owners began a lockout which lasted 191 days and was set 28、tled on January 18, 1999. As a result of this lockout the 1998-99 NBA season was reduced from 82 to 50 games (60%), which were all played in 1999 only, thus calling it the 1999 NBA season. San Antonio won the chionship on June 25th by beating the New York Knicks.In 20xx, two years after the Hors rel 29、ocation to New Orleans, the NBA returned to North Carolina as the Charlotte Bobcats were formed.edit 20xxs: Post-Jordan Western Conference dominationSince the break-up of the Chicago Bulls in the summer of 1998, the Western Conference has dominated the NBA, winning 7 of 9 chionships. Tim Duncan and 30、David Robinson won a chionship in 1999 with the San Antonio Spurs, and Shaquille ONeal and Kobe Bryant started the 20xxs off with the three straight chionships with the Los Angeles Lakers. The Spurs won in again 20xx against the s, with the Lakers returning to the Finals in the following year, only 31、to fall to the Detroit Pistons (the only chionship team since 1998 that didnt have either Tim Duncan or Shaquille ONeal). In the off-season, ONeal was traded to the Miami Heat, and the Lakers and Bryant did not win another playoff series until 20xx. San Antonio won their third chionship in 20xx with 32、 a nucleus of Tony Parker, Manu Ginobili, and Duncan. In 20xx, ONeal won title number four with the Miami Heat, giving the franchise its first chionship. San Antonio then swept LeBron James and the Cleveland Cavaliers in 20xx, giving them title four titles in nine years. Between them, ONeal and Dunc 33、an have been to each of the last nine NBA Finals and have won eight out of nine titles. Together, they have won six Finals MVP awards and three league MVPs.An increasing number of international players have moved directly from playing elsewhere in the world to starring in the NBA, such as:Andrea Bar 34、gnani, Italy - First pick in the 20xx NBA Draft by Toronto Raptors (entered the NBA in 20xx)Pau Gasol, Spain - 20xx NBA Rookie of the Year and 20xx World Chionships MVP (entered the NBA in 20xx)Manu Ginobili, Argentina - 20xx Olympic Tournament MVP (drafted in 1999, entered the NBA in 20xx)Andrei Ki 35、rilenko, Russia - EuroBasket 20xx MVP (drafted in 1999, entered the NBA in 20xx)Dirk Nowitzki, Germany - MVP of the 20xx World Chionships and Eurobasket 20xx, and 20xx NBA MVP (entered the NBA in 1998)Tony Parker, France - 20xx NBA Finals MVP (entered the NBA in 20xx)Peja Stojakovic, Serbia - Euroba 36、sket 20xx MVP (drafted in 1996, entered the NBA in 1998)Yao Ming, China - First pick in the 20xx NBA Draft (entered the NBA in 20xx)In some occasions, young players from the English-speaking world tend to attend U.S. colleges before playing in the NBA (notable exles are Canadian Steve Nash, 20xx and 37、 20xx MVP, and Australian Andrew Bogut, the top draft pick in 20xx), while other international players generally e to the NBA from professional club teams. Currently, the Toronto Raptors have the most international players in the NBA. The NBA is now televised in 212 nations in 42 languages.In 20xx, 38、an affiliated minor league, the National Basketball Development League, now called the NBA Development League (or D-League) was created.Teams, divisions and conferences of the NBAOn June 29, 20xx, a new official game ball was introduced for the 20xx-07 season, marking the first change to the ball in 39、 over 35 years and only the second in 60 seasons. Manufactured by Spalding, the new ball featured a new design and new synthetic material that Spalding claimed offered a better grip, feel, and consistency than the original ball. However, many players were vocal in their disdain for the new ball, say 40、ing that it was too sticky when dry, and too slippery when wet.On December 11, 20xx, missioner Stern announced that beginning January 1, 20xx, the NBA would return to the traditional leather basketball in use prior to the 20xx-20xx season. The change was influenced by frequent player plaints and con 41、firmed hand injuries (cuts) caused by the microfiber ball.4 The Players Association had filed a suit in behalf of the players against the NBA over the new ball.5 As of 20xx, the NBA team jerseys are manufactured by Adidas, which purchased the previous supplier, Reebok.On July 19, 20xx, the FBI inves 42、tigated allegations that veteran NBA referee Tim Donaghy bet on basketball games he officiated over the past two seasons and that he made calls affecting the point spread in those games.6 On August 15, 20xx, Donaghy pleaded guilty to two federal charges related to the investigation. However, he coul 43、d face more charges if it is determined that he deliberately miscalled individual games.On February 19, 20xx, the NBA declared that the Phoenix Suns and the Denver Nuggets will play the first outdoor game on October 11, 20xx, at the Indian Wells Tennis Garden. It will be the first outdoor game in the modern era of the NBANBA球星麦克格雷迪简介Tracy Lamar McGrady